What is Note-making?
यदि आप किसी लेख को पढ़ते हैं अथवा किसी भाषण को सुनते हैं, तब उसके प्रमुख बिन्दुओं को लिखते रहते है ताकि वे आपको याद रह सकें। उन मुख्य बिन्दुओं से आप एक अच्छी व्याख्या या सारांश निकाल सकते हैं। इस प्रकार Note-making हमें अपने विचारों को ठीक ढंग से प्रकट करने में सहायता प्रदान करती है।
Note-making के लिए निम्न rules का प्रयोग करें-
(i) सबसे पहले दिए गए Passage को शुरू से लेकर अन्त तक पढ़ें। इससे आपको Passage के विषय, अथव theme की जानकारी प्राप्त हो सकेगी।
(ii) हमें उसके शीर्षक का पता लगाने में सहायता प्राप्त होगी।
(iii) साथ ही हमें यह भी पता लगाना है कि लेखक ने Passage को कैसे विकसित किया है।
iv) इसके बाद हमें passage के प्रमुख हिस्सों का पता लगाना होता है ( तथा उनके लिए उचित Headings का प्रयोग करना होता है।
(v) प्रत्येक heading को sub-headings में विभाजित किया जाता है।
प्रायः परीक्षा में, एक दिये गये passage के notes, headings एवं sub-headings का प्रयोग करने के लिए passage का सारांश एक-तिहाई शब्दों में व्यक्त करने तथा passage का उचित शीर्षक लिखने के लिए कहा जाता है। (Note-making में प्रायः abbreviations का प्रयोग किया जाता है। उन्हें notes बनाने के बाद स्पष्ट किया जाता है कि वे किन-किन चीजों/शब्दों के प्रतीक हैं।)
Note making-1
In the winter season as well as in the summer season a variety of fruit and vegetables come in the market. If we ask the young guys "where do they come from? The answer is 'from the market, from the vegetable market or from the fields'. They must know that plants give us all vegetables. Some trees give us fruits for years and years. Once they are mature, they start giving us some edible part in the form of stem, leaves, flowers or fruits and in many cases roots also. We, the human beings start eating them from the very start a seed sprouts. Some grains are eaten in sprouted form such as grams, pulses and beans. Some roots are eaten as a part of food such as carrot, radish, beatroot, turnip, sweet potato etc. Stems of some plants are eaten as food such as onion, potato, ginger, garlic, turmeric (all underground modified ones). Some leaves of plants are eaten as leafy vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, mustard etc. Some flowers are used for food products such as sunflower, jasmine, etc. Fruits such as apple, orange, mango, banana etc. are obtained from trees. Even some of the seeds are caten such as almonds, walnuts, cashew nuts, etc. So there is no part which we leave and do note at it.
Note making-2
Paper wastage is a direct loss to the trees. If we keep on wasting papers at the same pace, we shall need more and more trees. Use of paper is related to almost all the fields of our day to day working. We need a print out for every type of receipt. We need print outs for our notes. We need printout for any type of billing. We demand to write everything on paper. Usually, it is seen that all such and other print outs are taken on one side of the page. Even the Ph.D. thesis is printed one sided. Most of the decisions in the court are written one sided. So, in all the above cases and other's if both the sides of a paper are used there will be a saving of 50% paper. Not only this, paper once used for one document which are to be put in record; can be used for another one from the other side means one side can be used for one type of assignment and other side for another. Print outs which are needed for once only can be reused with other blank side for some rough work or correction work. Therefore, we must Save Trees, Save Paper, Save Earth.
Questions:
(a) On the basis of your reading of the passage, make notes on it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations wherever necessary.
(b) Also assign a suitable title to it.
2. Read the following passage carefully and make notes on it and also supply a suitable title. 5
Most trees grow a layer of wood each year. When the tree is cut down, the layers can be seen as rings in the trunk. And counting the number of rings tells you how old the tree is! Tree rings also speak of the weather changes that have occurred during the life of a particular tree. In a season of good rainfall, (the rings will be thick and during drought, the growth is slowed down and the rings will be thinner. Trees like the bristlecone pines, sequoias and redwoods of California are living records of variations in climate for the last 9000 years! Studying the changes in tree ring patterns is a science called 'dendrochronology'. Dendrochronology is the dating of climate changes in the past through study of tree rings to understand life in ancient times.
Suitable Title
Tree Rings: Records of Age and Climate
Notes
1. Tree Growth & Rings
1.1 Most trees grow a layer of wood each year.
1.2 Layers seen as rings in the cut trunk.
1.3 Counting rings reveals the tree's age.
2. Rings as Climate Indicators
2.1 Rings show weather changes during the tree's life.
2.2 Thick rings indicate good rainfall (good growth).
2.3 Thin rings indicate drought (slower growth).
3. Examples of Long-term Records
3.1 Trees like bristlecone pines, sequoias, and redwoods of California
3.2 Record variations for the last 9000 years.
4. Dendrochronology: The Science
4.1 Studying changes in tree ring patterns is a science called 'dendrochronology'.
4.2 Definition: The dating of past climate changes through the study of tree rings.
4.3 Purpose: To understand tree life in ancient times.
Abbreviations:
No.- Number
Def. - Definition
Sci. - Science
Dentro. - Dendrochronology
Vari. - Variations